1, Ukwakheka kohlelo lwamandla

（1） Uhlelo lwamandla

Ngokuya ngezimfuneko zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ezichaziwe

Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwamandla. Uhlelo lwamandla luhlanganisa nokudluliselwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwalo okuphephile nokwethembekile

Idivayisi yokuvikela nokuphepha ezenzakalelayo, okuzenzakalelayo kokuthumela, ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlelo ezisizayo (ezibizwa nangokuthi izinhlelo zesibili). Izisekelo Zesistimu Yamandla

Umsebenzi uwukunikeza abasebenzisi amandla anele, athembekile, afanelekayo futhi angabizi.

（2） Inethiwekhi yamandla kagesi

Ingxenye yesistimu yamandla edlulisa, iguqula futhi isabalalise amandla kagesi ibizwa ngokuthi igridi yamandla. Igridi yamandla ihlanganisa igridi yokudlulisa kanye nokusabalalisa

Iwebhu.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wenethiwekhi yokudlulisa ugesi ukwandisa i-voltage evela esiteshini samandla kude nesikhungo somthwalo nge-transformer bese idlula

Ulayini wokudlulisa amandla aphezulu udluliselwa esiteshini esincane sehabhu esiseduze nesikhungo sokulayisha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ulayini wokudlulisa uxhumanisa nezinhlelo zamandla eziseduze kanye

Kungumsebenzi weziteshi ezincane ze-hub eziseduze.

Inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa iyinethiwekhi kagesi esabalalisa ngqo ugesi kusuka esiteshini esincane sehabhu kuya kubasebenzisi. Ngokuvamile, inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ihlukaniswe yaba yi-high

I-voltage, i-voltage ephakathi nendawo kanye nenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-voltage ephansi. E-China, i-voltage yenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-voltage ephezulu ngokuvamile ingeyenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-voltage ephakathi nendawo.

I-voltage yenethiwekhi yokusatshalaliswa kwe-voltage ephansi ngokuvamile iyisistimu yezintambo ezine zesigaba ezintathu

2, Izici zokusebenza kohlelo lwamandla

Okokuqala, ingqikithi yezomnotho inkulu. Njengamanje, isilinganiso sempahla yemboni yamandla yaseShayina sesidlule ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-200, okubalwa ingxenye yesine yempahla kahulumeni iyonke. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuthinta ngqo intuthuko enempilo yomnotho wezwe.

Okwesibili ukuhambisana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuthi amandla kagesi angagcinwa ngobuningi, ubunye besixhumanisi ngasinye abuhlukaniseki, futhi inqubo yokuguquka ishesha kakhulu. Amandla akhiqizwa ngokushesha kumele alingane namandla asetshenziswa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke isixhumanisi ngasinye sokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukudluliselwa, kanye nokwabiwa kubasebenzisi sibaluleke kakhulu.

Okwesithathu, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kuhlanganiswe kakhulu futhi kuhlanganiswe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki izitshalo zikagesi nezinkampani zokuhlinzeka ngogesi, igridi kagesi kumele ihlanganiswe ekuthumeleni, amazinga okuphatha kanye nezindlela zokuphatha; Kunezidingo eziqinile zokukhiqiza okuphephile, ukuziphatha okuhle kwenhlangano kanye nokuziphatha okuhle kobungcweti.

Okwesine, ukusebenza. Izinhloso zesevisi zemboni yamandla ziphelele, zihilela bonke abantu emphakathini wonke. Ikhwalithi yamandla kanye nezinga lentengo kuhlobene eduze nezintshisekelo zeningi labasebenzisi bamandla.

Okwesihlanu, umnotho wezwe kumele uhole ekuthuthukiseni ugesi.

3, I-voltage elinganisiwe yesistimu yamandla

I-voltage yegridi yamandla iyalinganiswa. I-voltage elinganisiwe yegridi yamandla yakhiwa futhi yamenyezelwa yisifundazwe ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okuphelele kanye nokuboniswa ngokwezidingo zentuthuko yezomnotho kazwelonke, ukuqonda kobuchwepheshe kanye nomnotho, izinga lokukhiqiza imishini kagesi nezinye izici.

Njengamanje, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-AC voltage eShayina lingu-1000KV, elaqala ukusebenza kusukela eChangzhi kuya eJingmen ngoDisemba 30, 2008; Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-DC voltage eShayina lingu-plus noma minus 500KV, okuhlanganisa iGezhouba – Shanghai Nanqiao Line, iTianshengqiao – Guangzhou Line, iGuizhou – Guangdong Line, kanye neThree Gorges – Guangdong Line.

Njengamanje, ama-voltage asetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina ahlanganisa i-220V, 380V, 6kV, 10kV, 35kV, 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV kanye ne-1000KV. Phakathi kwawo, imigqa ye-voltage engu-10KV kanye nengaphansi kwayo ibizwa ngokuthi imigqa yokusabalalisa amandla, kanti imigqa ye-voltage engu-35KV nangaphezulu kwayo ibizwa ngokuthi imigqa yokudlulisa amandla. Iphinde ibeke ukuthi i-voltage engaphezu kwe-1KV “i-voltage ephezulu”, i-voltage engaphansi kwe-1KV “i-voltage ephansi”, kanti i-voltage yokuphepha ingu-36V nangaphansi kwayo.

I-voltage elinganisiwe yemishini kagesi ihambisana neyegridi yamandla. Eqinisweni, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yi-voltage kugridi yamandla, i-voltage yangempela endaweni ngayinye iyaphambuka enanini elilinganisiwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kagesi, kusobala ukuthi imishini kagesi kufanele ibe nobubanzi obukhulu be-voltage yokusebenza evamile kunokuphambuka okuvunyelwe kwe-voltage yegridi. I-voltage elinganisiwe yejeneretha ngokuvamile iphakeme ngo-5% kune-voltage elinganisiwe yegridi yeleveli efanayo ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukulahlekelwa yi-voltage kugridi.

I-voltage elinganisiwe ye-transformer ihlukaniswe ngama-windings ayinhloko nawesibili. Ekujikeni okuyinhloko, lapho i-transformer ixhunywe ekugcineni kwegridi, ilingana ngokwemvelo nomthwalo osegridini (njenge-transformer yesinyathelo esiphansi yefektri), ngakho-ke i-voltage yayo elinganisiwe ifana neyegridi. Lapho i-transformer ixhunywe endaweni yokukhipha ijeneretha (njenge-transformer yesinyathelo esiphakanyisiwe yesitshalo samandla), i-voltage yayo elinganisiwe kufanele ifane neyejeneretha. Ekujikeni kwesibili, i-voltage elinganisiwe yokujikeni kwesibili kwe-transformer kufanele ibe ngaphezulu ngo-5% kune-voltage elinganisiwe yegridi uma kubhekwa ukulahlekelwa kwayo yi-voltage (kubalwe ngo-5%) lapho i-transformer ilayishwa. Uma ibanga lokudlulisela ohlangothini lwesibili lide, ukulahleka kwe-voltage yomugqa (kubalwe ngo-5%) nakho kuzocatshangelwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-voltage elinganisiwe yokujikeni kwesibili kufanele ibe ngaphezulu ngo-10% kune-voltage elinganisiwe yegridi.